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Figure 3.

Base (A) and phosphorus depletion (B) and carbon consumption (C) inferred from tau analysis of paleosols over the past 3.7 Ga. (A–B) Closed symbols are individual paleosols, and large open symbols are mean for 500 Ma intervals. Only a single paleosol is known for 1000–500 Ma. (C) Annual rates of C consumption from base depletion and apatite weathering (see supplemental material [see text footnote 1]) and global land area increase calculated from continental area and freeboard estimates (Cawood and Hawkesworth, 2019). Upper and lower box bounds and error bars are two standard deviations. GOE—Great Oxidation Event; NOE—Neoproterozoic Oxidation Event.

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